Number of dopamine neurons predicts prolactin levels in two inbred mouse strains

Summary Mice of the BALB/cJ strain have more dopamine neurons than mice of the CBA/J strain. We now report that BALB/cJ mice have less circulating and pituitary prolactin than CBA/J mice, a relationship expected from the difference in tuberoinfundibular dopamine neuron number.     

Cell lineage and cell migration in the developing cerebral cortex

Summary Modern techniques which trace lineages of individual progenitor cells have provided some clues about the processes that determine cell fate in the brain, and have also given us some information about migratory patterns of clonally related cells. In many parts of the central nervous system, progenitors are multipotent; single clones can contain multiple neuronal types or even mixtures of neurons and glia. In addition, one can observe a wide distribution in clone size, even when marking is done in a narrow time window. This suggests that progenitor cells may be fairly plastic and responsive to environmental signals. In the developing cortex, clonally related cells are initially grouped near each other, as in the retina and tectum. However, the subsequent migration of these cells from the ventricular zone to the cortex along glial fibers is accompanied by a progressive dispersion of clonally related neurons.     

基于二级结构的智能控制

本文研究了一种新的智能控制器，它有二级构成，第一级由神经元网络作为控制器，第二级由模糊决策确定网络学习参数，算法具有学习功能，与ＰＩＤ相比，该控制器控制效果也较好。     

Neurotrophic effects of conditioned media of astrocytes isolated from different brain regions on hippocampal and cortical neurons

The present study was designed to reveal whether astroglial cells from different brain regions produce diffusible factors that differentially support the survival of neurons and the establishment of neuronal morphology. For this purpose, astrocyte conditioned media (ACM) were prepared by conditioning chemically-defined medium with type I astrocyte culture dissociated from cerebral cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus. Hippocampal and cortical neurons were cultured in ACM or in non-conditioned medium. ACM derived from three brain regions all supported the survival of hippocampal and cortical neurons better than non-conditioned control medium. Of these, hypothalamic ACM was the most effective in supporting the survival of cortical neurons. The ACM also potentiated the elongation of the longest neurite of hippocampal and cortical neurons. However, there were no significant differences in the promoting effects on neurite elongation among ACM from three brain regions.     

鹌鹑中脑GABA能神经元的分布

以非鸣禽鹌鹑（Coturnix coturnix japonica）为实验材料，使用GABA单克隆抗体进行免疫组化实验，实验结果显示，在鹌鹑中脑存在GABA样免疫反应神经元．讨论了GABA能神经元在中脑的分布特点及其在听觉、视觉中的作用。     

脑缺血再灌注损伤中凋亡调控基因表达的变化及意义

脑缺血再灌注损伤的病理机制十分复杂，目前许多学者发现细胞凋亡与其密切相关。细胞凋亡是一种基因控制的细胞主动死亡，它参与机体许多病理生理过程。研究资料表明，脑缺血再灌注损伤是诱导凋亡调控基因表达的最强烈刺激之一。脑缺血再灌注后，有多种基因被诱导表达，这些基因编码的蛋白质产物直接或间接参与了凋亡的调控。对脑缺血再灌注后的bcl-2基因家族、fas基因、p53基因的表达及作用机制进行论述。     

蟋蟀鸣叫拮抗肌的运动神经形态

蟋蟀的鸣叫运动是通过8对中胸肌肉束的运动来完成的．按照肌肉的机能分组，参与蟋蟀鸣叫运动的中胸肌肉束可被分为相互拮抗的升肌作用组和降肌作用组．其中的一对拮抗肌103a肌(升肌)和M103b肌(降肌)受中胸神经节的第三侧根即N3侧根的c4(N3-c4)分枝支配．采用逆行染色法。结果表明支配103a肌和103b肌的运动神经的细胞体分布于中胸神经节的背侧侧壁上，二者都有一个细胞体位于与前胸神经节相连的纵连合索基部，轴突分为3个主要分枝，树突在同侧的背侧表面广泛分布．     

大、小鼠颈髓一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的分布比较

用NADPH—d组织化学方法观察了大鼠和小鼠颈髓内NOS阳性神经元的分布，结果显示在大、小鼠颈髓的中央管周围灰质内均有较多的NOS阳性神经元分布，大鼠的NOS阳性神经元多集中于中央管背侧，小鼠的分布相对均匀，但以腹侧为多，大、小鼠在后角浅层及胶状质内部均含有密集的NOS阳性神经元，在中间带内侧也均含有较大的中等密集的NOS阳性神经元。大鼠中间带外侧有较多的NOS阳性神经元，而小鼠该处的NOS阳性神经元则少见，结果提示NOS阳性神经元在实验动物颈髓的分布存在种属间差异。     

去氢表雄酮对抗NMDA神经毒性与抑制细胞内Ca2+升高有关

去氢表雄酮(Dehydroepiandrosterone，DHEA)是一种神经甾体物质，虽然已经发现对中枢神经系统有保护作用，但其分子机制尚未阐明．从胚胎小鼠(E15～16)大脑皮层分离神经元，离体培养10d，用MTT法检测DHEA对抗NMDA神经毒性的作用．用荧光染料Fluo-3处理后，激光共聚焦显微镜分析胞内Ca^2 浓度的变化，研究了DHEA神经保护作用与胞内Ca^2 浓度的相关性．结果发现：(1)NMDA的剂量、时间依赖方式降低神经元的活性，(2)DHEA预处理可以明显改善NMDA诱导的形态学变化，且剂量依赖性预防NMDA的毒性，(3)1mmol／L NMDA诱导细胞内游离Ca^2 荧光浓度的迅速升高，而DHEA可以阻断这种变化．以上数据表明，DHEA可以保护神经元，对抗NMDA的神经毒性作用，其机制可能与抑制胞内Ca^2 升高有关．     

中日儿童大脑神经活动类型调查结果的比较研究

通过采用go/no -go(应发出动作/不应发出动作)实验方法,在20世纪6 0-90年代末的不同期间,先后5次对中日两国儿童大脑神经活动类型(弱型、兴奋型、抑制 型、稳定型、活泼型)的调查发现:1)1984年中国儿童与1969年日本儿童大脑各类型的神 经活动出现率比较接近;2)中国1984年的调查与日本1979年的调查结果有明显差异;3)日 本1979年与1998年的调查结果相类似,而与中国1999年和1984年调查结果有较大变化. 对此 现象分析认为是儿童生活环境和生活方式发生巨大变化所致,最为明显的是:儿童在室外的 身体活动机会减少,儿童由以前的户外玩耍向室内看电视等比较静态的活动转移,儿童之间的交流减少.